An instrument transformer works by reducing high voltage or current levels in electrical circuits to lower, manageable levels that can be safely measured by instruments. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the primary winding is connected to the high voltage or high current circuit, and the secondary winding delivers a proportional but reduced voltage or current to the measuring device.
The role of an instrument transformer is to provide precise and safe measurements of electrical quantities such as voltage or current in high power systems.
By lowering these quantities to lower levels, instrument transformers protect measuring equipment and personnel while providing precise monitoring and control of the electrical system.
The operating principle of a transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field which induces a voltage in the secondary winding.
The voltage induced in the secondary winding is proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, allowing the transformer to increase or decrease voltage levels.
A measuring core, also called a current transformer core, works by encircling a current-carrying conductor. The magnetic field generated by the current induces a proportional current in the torus, which is then measured.
This induced current is a reduced version of the original current, allowing for safe and accurate measurement.
The two types of transformers are step-up transformers and step-down transformers. A step-up transformer increases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding. These types are used to adjust voltage levels according to electrical system requirements.