A train drive works by converting electrical or diesel energy into mechanical energy to move the train. In electric trains, energy is supplied by overhead lines or an electrified track. The train’s electric motors drive the wheels, allowing the train to accelerate and decelerate. The drive system includes components such as traction motors, gearboxes and control systems that manage the distribution of power to the wheels, enabling smooth and controlled operation.
A train is propelled using different methods depending on its type.
Electric trains are powered by overhead lines (catenary system) or electrified rail (third rail system), which provide electrical power to the traction motors. Diesel trains use internal combustion engines that generate power to drive the wheels. Some modern trains use hybrid systems combining diesel engines with batteries or electric motors to optimize efficiency and reduce emissions.
A freight train is usually powered by diesel engines or electric motors, depending on the type of locomotive used.
Diesel-electric freight trains use diesel engines to generate electricity, which then powers electric traction motors connected to the wheels. Electric freight trains are powered by overhead lines or electrified tracks. The choice of energy source depends on factors such as railway infrastructure, distance and operational requirements.
A railway is powered by its electrification system, which may include overhead lines or a third rail. In an electrified rail system, electricity is supplied via high-voltage overhead cables or a low-voltage rail located alongside or under the track.
This electrical energy is then transferred to the train’s motors via a pantograph or collector shoe, allowing the train to operate. Non-electrified railways rely on diesel or other on-board energy sources for propulsion.
A train can operate without overhead lines using alternative energy sources such as diesel engines or battery systems. Diesel trains are equipped with internal combustion engines that generate power for traction, allowing them to operate on non-electrified tracks.
Battery-powered trains, also called hydrogen or battery-electric trains, use on-board batteries or fuel cells to provide energy for propulsion, eliminating the need for overhead electrification.