Power converters are devices that transform electrical energy from one form to another. They can change the voltage, frequency or current type (AC to DC or vice versa) to meet the requirements of different electrical devices and systems. Power converters are essential in various applications including power supplies, renewable energy systems and electronic devices.
A power converter is used to modify electrical power to make it compatible with the needs of specific equipment or systems.
For example, a power converter can change electrical voltage to meet the requirements of a particular device, or it can convert alternating current from the mains to the direct current needed for electronic circuits. It ensures that electrical energy is supplied in the appropriate form for efficient operation and safety of connected devices.
A power converter works by using electronic circuits and components to transform input electrical power into the desired output form. Depending on the type of converter, it may include components such as transformers, rectifiers and transistors.
For example, a step-down transformer reduces voltage, while a rectifier converts alternating current to direct current. The converter adjusts these elements to provide stable and appropriate power for the application.
The difference between an inverter and a power converter lies in their specific functions. An inverter is a type of power converter specifically designed to convert direct current to alternating current.
In contrast, a power converter is a broader term that encompasses various devices used to convert electrical energy between different forms, including alternating current to direct current, direct current to alternating current, and changing voltage levels. Inverters constitute a category within the large family of power converters.
There are several types of converters, including:
- AC-DC Converters: Convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Examples include rectifiers and power supplies.
- DC-AC Converters: Convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Inverters are a common example.
- DC-DC converters: Change the DC voltage level, such as boost or buck converters.
- AC-AC Converters: Change the voltage and/or frequency of alternating current. Examples include tapped transformers and cycloconverters.