Transformers have two main functions: voltage transformation and insulation. Voltage transformation adjusts the voltage level from the primary side to the secondary side, allowing electrical energy to be transmitted efficiently over long distances or tailored to specific devices. Insulation separates electrical circuits to ensure safety and reduce the risk of electric shock or interference.
The purpose of a transformer is to change the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.
This is achieved by increasing or lowering voltage levels to meet the requirements of different electrical devices or to improve the efficiency of power transmission. Transformers also provide electrical isolation between circuits, which improves safety and reduces noise in the system.
The two main types of transformers are step-up transformers and step-down transformers. Step-up transformers step up the voltage from primary to secondary, making them suitable for applications where high voltage is required for transmission over long distances.
Step-down transformers reduce voltage from primary to secondary, which is essential for providing safe, usable voltage levels to homes and businesses.
In short, a transformer works by using electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between two or more coils of wire. An alternating current in the primary winding creates a magnetic field which induces a voltage in the secondary winding.
The voltage level in the secondary winding is determined by the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings, allowing the transformer to increase or decrease the voltage.
Transformers play a crucial role in power transmission by enabling the efficient transfer of electrical energy over long distances. High-voltage transmission lines use step-up transformers to increase voltage, which reduces energy losses due to wire resistance. At the receiving end, step-down transformers reduce the voltage to a safer, more usable level for distribution to homes and businesses.
This process ensures that electrical energy is delivered efficiently and safely to end users.