Transformers operate on alternating current (AC). This is because transformers rely on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which requires a changing magnetic field to induce a voltage in the secondary coil. Alternating current is characterized by its periodic change in direction and amplitude, which creates the fluctuating magnetic field necessary for efficient operation of transformers.
Transformers require a changing magnetic field, provided by alternating current.
In a transformer, alternating current in the primary coil generates a magnetic field that changes direction and intensity as the current alternates. This changing magnetic field induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil, allowing the transfer of electrical energy from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit. The effectiveness of this process depends on the frequency of the alternating current.
Transformers do not operate on direct current (DC) because direct current maintains a constant direction and amplitude, leading to a static magnetic field.
Without a changing magnetic field, no voltage is induced in the secondary coil of the transformer. Since transformers rely on the principle of electromagnetic induction, a static magnetic field generated by direct current is insufficient for the operation of the transformer.
Transformers operate on the principles of electromagnetic induction and alternating magnetic fields. They consist of two or more coils of wire, called primary and secondary coils, wound around a common core. When alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field in the core.
This, in turn, induces a voltage across the secondary coil. The ratio between the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils determines the voltage conversion factor of the transformer.
If direct current is applied to a transformer, it will not operate properly. Initially, when direct current is applied, a brief surge may induce a small voltage in the secondary coil, but this effect quickly dissipates. The primary coil would then draw direct current, creating a constant magnetic field which would induce no voltage in the secondary coil.
Additionally, the continuous flow of direct current can cause overheating and damage the transformer, because transformers are not designed to handle the continuous power dissipation associated with direct current.