A converter substation is a type of electrical substation used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or vice versa. It usually uses devices such as rectifiers and inverters to perform this conversion.
Converter substations are essential in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, where they facilitate the connection between AC transmission networks and DC transmission networks, enabling efficient long-distance power transmission and the integration of renewable energy sources.
The function of a substation is to transform electrical voltage levels to ensure efficient distribution and transportation of energy. Substations play a critical role in reducing high-voltage electricity from transmission lines to lower voltages suitable for distribution to homes and businesses.
They also facilitate switching and control of electrical circuits, maintain voltage levels and provide protection against electrical faults to ensure a reliable and safe power supply.
A Trafo substation, also known as a transformer substation, is an installation in which electrical transformers are used to increase or decrease voltage levels in the electrical network. The term “Trafo” is derived from “transformer”.
Trafo substations are an integral part of the electricity distribution network, enabling the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances by adjusting voltage levels to reduce losses and improve system stability.
Substations can be classified into several types based on their functions and configurations.
The main types include step-up substations, which increase generator voltage to transmission levels; step-down substations, which lower the voltage for distribution to consumers; converter substations, which convert alternating current into direct current or vice versa; and switching substations, which facilitate the routing of electrical energy through different circuits without changing voltage levels.
A rectifier substation is designed to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).
This type of substation is commonly used in systems where direct current is required, such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and some industrial applications. Rectifier substations use rectifiers, which are electronic devices that allow current to flow in only one direction, effectively converting AC input to a stable DC output.