The voltage of a transformer is defined by its primary and secondary windings. The primary voltage is the input voltage applied to the transformer, while the secondary voltage is the output voltage delivered to the load. Voltage levels are determined by the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings. Transformers can handle a wide range of voltages, from low voltages in household appliances to high voltages in power transmission systems.
The voltage of a transformer refers to the specific voltages it is designed to handle on the primary and secondary side.
For example, a transformer used in a residential environment may have a primary voltage of 240 V and a secondary voltage of 120 V. In contrast, industrial transformers may operate with primary voltages in the thousands of volts and secondary voltages suitable for industrial equipment or energy distribution.
The voltage that enters the transformer is the primary voltage, which is the input voltage supplied to the primary winding. This voltage is determined by the power source and electrical system requirements.
The transformer design and transformation ratio then adjusts this primary voltage to produce the desired secondary voltage, which is supplied to the load.
The current supplied by a transformer is the secondary current, which depends on the rated power and the load connected to the transformer. The secondary current is related to the primary current and the turns ratio between the windings.
The transformer adjusts the current based on the voltage ratio; lower secondary voltage results in higher secondary current, and vice versa, in accordance with the principle of conservation of energy.
The short circuit voltage of a transformer, also called impedance voltage, is the voltage required to produce the rated current in the secondary winding when the secondary terminals are short circuited. This value is important for understanding the transformer’s ability to handle fault conditions and for determining its voltage drop under load.
It is usually expressed as a percentage of the rated primary voltage and is crucial for evaluating transformer performance in fault scenarios.