A transformer may make noise from time to time due to magnetostriction, a phenomenon where the core material changes shape slightly when exposed to a magnetic field. When alternating current (AC) flows through the transformer, the magnetic field causes the core to expand and contract. This repeated movement produces a humming or buzzing sound that can vary in intensity depending on the transformer design and operating conditions.
The noise level of a transformer can vary significantly depending on its size, design and operating environment.
Small transformers, such as those used in electronic devices, typically produce low-level noise that may be barely audible. Larger power transformers, especially those used in industrial or utility environments, may produce more noticeable buzzing or humming sounds. Noise level is often measured in decibels (dB) and noisier transformers can exceed 50-60 dB, which can be quite noticeable in quiet environments.
Transformers vibrate primarily because of the same magnetostriction that causes the noise.
When the core material undergoes slight expansions and contractions in response to the magnetic field, it generates vibrations. These vibrations can be transmitted through the transformer support and surrounding structures, contributing to the overall noise and physical movement of the transformer.
If a transformer is humming excessively, it may indicate a problem or that the noise is louder than normal. Possible solutions include ensuring the transformer is properly mounted and securely secured to reduce vibration.
Checking for loose or damaged parts and verifying that the transformer is operating according to its design specifications can also help. In cases where the noise persists or is unusually loud, it may be necessary to consult a professional for further inspection and possible adjustments or repairs.
A transformer is considered loaded when it supplies power to a connected electrical load. Charging occurs when current flows through the transformer windings, causing energy to transfer from the primary side to the secondary side.
The extent of the load can affect the performance, efficiency and temperature of the transformer. Proper loading ensures that the transformer operates within its rated capacity and supplies the necessary voltage and current to the connected equipment.